The poem “O Captain! My Captain!” was written by famous American poet Walter Whitman.
He was born on May 31, 1819, in West Hills, Town of Huntington, Long Island as the second of nine children. He was a poet, essayist, journalist, and humanist.He worked as a journalist, a teacher, a government clerk, and a volunteer nurse during the American Civil War in addition to publishing his poetry.
He was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works. Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon, often called the father of free verse. His work was very controversial in its time, particularly his poetry collection Leaves of Grass, which was described as obscene for its overt sexuality.
Whitman died on March 26, 1892 .He was buried in his tomb at Harleigh Cemetery in Camden four days after his death
Whitman's work breaks the boundaries of poetic form and is generally prose-like .He used unusual images and symbols in his poetry, including rotting leaves, tufts of straw, and debris. He also openly wrote about death and sexuality, including prostitution. He is often labeled as the father of free verse, though he did not invent it.
His Major Works
Aboard at a Ship's Helm
When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer
A Clear Midnight A Noiseless Patient Spider
The Last Invocation
On the Beach at Night
Miracles
I Hear America Singing
Cavalry Crossing A Ford
Bivouac on a Mountain Side
By the Bivouac's Fitful Flame
Had I the Choice
Long, Too Long America
Hush'd Be the Camps Today
Come, Said My Soul
To a Locomotive In Winter
Reconci The Dalliance of the Eaglesliation
Leaves of grass
History behind the poem
President Lincoln was in command of the Unions’ arm forces during the Civil War. Following that conflict, the Confederates were once again annexed to the Union. The country was once again at peace with Lincoln as the hero. But his victory was short live. In 1865, President Lincoln was assassinated while attending a play with his wife and generals. Following his death, this country was once again at the age of depression, not from war, but from a loss of a great leader. During the age of President Lincoln, the poet Walter Whitman admired and respects him and was always supportive and was also involved with the Civil War. After the death of Lincoln, Whitman wrote the poem that expressed his grieves for the loss of his president. The poem was called, “O Captain! My Captain!” While Whitman’s poem, “O Captain! My Captain!” is literally about a ship’s captain dying at the end of this journey. I think it is really about the loss of President Lincoln after the Civil War because symbolism, imagery, and the tones.
Poem
O Captain my Captain! our fearful trip is done,
The ship has weathered every rack, the prize we sought is won,
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;
But O heart! heart! heart!
O the bleeding drops of red,
Where on the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;
Rise up--for you the flag is flung for you the bugle trills,
For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths for you the shores a-crowding,
For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;
Here Captain! dear father!
This arm beneath your head!
It is some dream that on the deck,
You've fallen cold and dead.
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;
The ship is anchored safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;
From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;
Exult O shores, and ring O bells!
But I, with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
This poem symbolizes the war and Lincoln himself, and how the people really were proud of him for leading them to victory. When the ship has weathered every rack, it represents how many were killed, and in order to claim freedom, you have to make sacrifices, o the bleeding drops of red, where on the deck my captain lies, fallen cold and dead. The poem also shows a great sense of irony. In the sense, that there were such a great amount of sacrifices that not only Lincoln made to unite the country but also the country within its own self. And to finalize it, Lincoln made his greatest Sacrifice...himself
Explanation: O Captain! My Captain!
Lines 1-4
The first lines of the poem serve to begin the controlling metaphor upon which the rest of the poem builds. A metaphor is simply a figure of speech in which one thing is substituted for another, and a controlling metaphor is a metaphor that impacts, controls, or unifies the entire poem. In this poem, the "Captain" is a substitute for Abraham Lincoln, and the "ship" is the United States of America. "The fearful trip" is the Civil War, which had ended just prior to Lincoln's assassination. Thus the ship is returning home to cheering crowds having won "the prize" of victory, just as the Union, led by Lincoln, had returned victorious from the Civil War. The utterance "O Captain! my Captain" is particularly interesting in this light. In one sense the speaker is addressing his Captain directly, but in another respect he seems to be speaking to himself about his Captain. The repetition helps to assert the uncertainty he feels at the Captain's loss.
Lines 5-8
Lines 5-8 communicate the unpleasant news that the Captain has somehow fallen dead after the battle. More importantly, the repetition of "heart! heart! heart!" communicates the speaker of the poem's dismay and horror at realizing that his Captain has died. The poem is then as much about the "I" of the poem and how he comes to terms with his grief, how he processes this information, as it is about the central figure of the Captain. The "bleeding drops of red" are both the Captain's bleeding wounds and the speakers wounded heart. Finally, these lines function as a broken heroic couplet, a two-line rhymed verse that originated in heroic epic poetry and is usually, as is the case with these lines, written in iambic pentameter. The broken lines are called hemistiches and are commonly used, as they are here, to the underlying rhythm of the poem and to suggest emotional upheaval.
Lines 9-12
In this pivotal second stanza, the speaker of the poem entreats his Captain to "Rise up and hear the bells." In essence the speaker laments that his Captain, having led his crew bravely to victory, will not receive the fanfare that is his just due. At the same time Whitman blends two distinct scenes: one in which crowds gather to receive and celebrate the Captain (Lincoln) upon his return from military victory; and the second in which people gather to lament him as a fallen hero. The bells of the second stanza are presumably the bells rang in celebration of military victory; however, knowing the great Captain and leader has died the bells might also symbolize funeral bells tolled in mourning. Similarly, the "flag," is flown in honor of the Captain both as a symbol of rejoicing and victory and as a symbol of lamentation—as in the tradition of flying the American flag at half-mast when a respected American dies. The bugle, a quintessentially military musical instrument, alludes to both military victory and to "Taps," the requiem traditionally played at funerals of fallen soldiers. Bouquets and wreathes are also common to both celebratory receptions and funerals. Finally, the throngs of people become symbolic as well. Not only are they representative of the people who welcomed and rejoiced at the Union's victory in the Civil War, but they represent the throngs of people who gathered across the nation to mournfully view Lincoln's coffin as it was taken by train from Washington, D.C., to Springfield, Illinois. The crowds remind the reader that the speaker of the poem is not alone in lamenting his Captain's death, but rather shares this experience with the masses. In this manner the poem is in keeping with Whitman's experience. While he himself had a powerful personal reaction to the news of Lincoln's death, Lincoln was the Captain and father-figure of an entire nation and so the poet's grief, while central to the poem, is shared by the rest of the country.
Lines 13-14
In the next group of lines, the speaker of poem again entreats his Captain to "hear." In this case he may be referring to the bells of the first stanza, or perhaps to himself, his pleas. More importantly, the speaker for the first time calls his Captain "father." In this manner, Whitman expands the metaphor for Lincoln beyond the more limited scope of a military leader of men into a father figure, one whose wisdom and teachings led his children into adulthood. The poem celebrates Lincoln as more than simply a great military leader who led the Union to victory during the Civil War and attaches to him a broader significance as the father of this new, this post-slavery country.
Lines 15-16
In Lines 15-16 the speaker asserts that this must all be a bad dream. Here the poem captures the speaker's denial; the emotional impact of Lincoln's demise has made it almost impossible for the speaker to accept. The refrain "fallen cold and dead," is slightly altered in this stanza in that it is apparently addressed to the Captain. The effect is to again reinforce the speaker's difficulty in coming to terms with his Captain's death; even though his Captain is dead, the speaker continues to speak to him as though he were alive.
Lines 17-18
The speaker of the poem, no longer able to hold out hope, faces up to the reality of his Captain's death. The details and images evoked in these lines all serve to reiterate that the Captain is deceased: his pallid lips, lack of a pulse, and lack of will. Unlike the two previous stanzas, the speaker in no way addresses his Captain directly but speaks of him entirely in the third-person. In this sense, he has finally accepted that his Captain is dead.
Lines 19-24
Having finally faced up to his Captain's death, the speaker then turns his attention back to the recent victory. Lines 19-24 suggest again the internal division suffered by the speaker of the poem. Having accepted that his Captain is indeed dead it would seem he can now return his attention to the military victory. After all, one could surely argue that the plight of an entire nation of people far outweighs the fate of a single man. Nevertheless, the speaker of the poem chooses the individual over the larger nation. While "Exult O shores, and ring O bells" is explicitly a call for rejoicing, the speaker himself will not celebrate but will walk "with mournful tread," knowing that his Captain is indeed "Fallen cold and dead." The speaker thus celebrates the end of the Civil War but continues to express his need to mourn his fallen hero.
The poem,"O Captain! My Captain!" written by Walt Whitman, describes Lincoln’s death through an analogy. The captain Whitman refers to is Abraham Lincoln. He is the head of a great ship, which represents America. The ship’s trip across sea corresponds to the Civil War, and the ship nearing the port illustrates how the time the poem takes place is the end of the Civil war
The trip across sea is coming to an end. The port symbolizes the ultimate goal of the Union, to free the slaves. As the ship continues to approach port, the Captain suddenly falls dead on the deck this signifies Lincoln’s assassination. From this point on, Whitman repeatedly calls to Lincoln begging him to get up and see the roaring crows of Union supporters waiting for him at shore. Whitman also begs Lincoln to rise up and witness his goal of emancipating slave be achieved. However, Lincoln lays motionless on the deck, and Whitman must accept the reality of Lincoln’s death.
Whitman not only uses images and metaphors to illustrate the mood of the elegy, but also sound through his diction. For instance, Whitman writes “O Captain! My Captain! Rise up and hear the bells”. He makes the bells refer to the excitement of the roaring crowd at the port. Whitman asks Lincoln to look up and see the fruits of his labor waiting for him. The author continues to use sound by asking Lincoln to hear the “bugle trills”. These trills refer to the lively energy of the crowd, honoring and celebrating Lincoln’s arrival. The sounds ultimately serve to depict the sheer joy of the celebration at shore, as the Union has nearly won the Civil War. However, this is ironic because the crowd is unaware they have lost their essential leader. Therefore, the hopeful tone created by sound words changes to a sad tone, as Whitman, who is the only one aware of the captain's death, now focuses on his own somber emotions.
The tone Whitman creates in "O Captain! My Captain!" is mostly sad because of the depressed state Whitman is in as he describes death. For example, Whitman writes, “My Captain does not answer, hip lips are pale and still." This phrase is describing Lincoln’s cold lips as “pale and still," which implies he is truly dead, as Whitman finally accepts the truth. Furthermore, his lips no longer being able to move signifies the great speaker and leader will no longer be able to address and lead the Union. Such details alluding to death cause the audience to also feel depressed because of the loss of a powerful and well-respected leader. Therefore, they create a melancholy tone. Whitman continues by writing “My father does not feel my arm; he has no pulse nor will." The audience now envisions the limp and helpless body of Lincoln, as his soul has left him.
By this poem we can access that how much American people loved and respect their great leader Abraham Lincoln.
This is one of the best poems I ever read and from this poem we can understand that how much a great leader can influence his people and how much pain his death gives to them.
Almost 2 years after my post graduation, while sitting alone in my flat I again go through “O Captain! My Captain!” and I felt that I have to write something on this.
This may be helpful for students who are doing U.G & P.G in English.
King of pop, Michael Jackson would have celebrated his 52nd birthday.
American superstar Michael Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana on August 29, 1958 and entertained audiences nearly his entire life Michael grew terribly child-like and introverted by his peerless celebrity. A rather timorous, androgynous figure to begin with, his physical appearance began to change drastically and his behavior grew alarmingly bizarre, making him a consistent target for scandal-making, despite Michael Jackson's passion and artistry as a singer, dancer, writer and businessman are unparalleled, and it is these prodigious talents that will ultimately prevail over the extremely negative aspects of his seriously troubled adult life.
He was a recording artist, entertainer, and philanthropist. Referred to as the ‘King of Pop’ Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records. His contribution to music, dance and fashion, along with a much-publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. Jackson popularized a number of dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk. His distinctive musical sound and vocal style have influenced numerous hip hop, pop, and rock artists. His changing appearance personal relationships and behavior, have generated controversy in all his life time
On June 25, 2009, Jackson was passed out in his bed at his rented mansion at 100 North Carolwood Drive in the Holmby Hills district of Los Angeles.
Even after his day he is living in our hearts .today the world is celebrating our hero’s birthday.
Onam eve of this year is coming to an end. For Keralites Onam season of the year will come to an end by the day of Uthrattathi, and the Uthrattathi Vallam kali of Aranmula. Vallam kali refers to the boat race festival which is held during the last days of Onam.
The Aranmula Boat Race (vallam kali) is the oldest river boat fiesta in Kerala the south western State of India is held during Onam (August-September). It takes place at Aranmula, near a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Krishna and Arjuna.
Aranmula Boat Race is held each year on the Pampa River on the last day of the Onam festival (uthrattathi day).
The ‘Vallam kali’ attracts tourists from all around the globe. Around 3 lakh spectators including visitors from other countries have always been attending this event.
The snake boats (palliyodams) are center of attraction in this festival. These are peculiar boats resemble snakes and are about 100 feet long.
There are 42 palliyodams (snake boats) will participate in this year’s competition representing 42”Karas” around Aranmula from Chennithala to Ranni, accommodating around 100.
The snake boats move to the rhythm of full-throated singing and shouting watched by an exciting crowd and the vanchipattu team of each “kara” (rustic part) of the river pampa.
The boats are decorated with colorful flags, silk banners and golden umbrellas to make this a spectacular show. All this provide a mystical look to the festival of Aranmula vallam kali.
It is the time of celebration for all malayalies without caste and creed.
All malayalies living abroad feel proud of this world famous water race and all our hearts will be there in Aranmula on this day.
100th Birthday of Mother Theresa Mother Teresa is a humanist in every possible way and she is moving others to follow her path and devote their lives to humanity,"
India celebrated 100th anniversary of the birth of Mother Teresa, the selfless nun who dedicated her life to serving the sick and poor in India
School children, tourists and volunteers, carrying bunches of flowers or candles, also crowded Mother Teresa's grave in the headquarters of the Missionaries of Charity, the order of nuns she founded in 1950 in the eastern Indian city of Calcutta.
Her life and work continue to be an inspiration for the young and the old, the rich and the poor, from all walks of life, religions and nations.
Mother Theresa Born onAug. 26, 1910, to Albanian parents in what is now Skopje in Macedonia, she came to India in 1929. She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.
She died in 1997 after a lifetime spent caring for hundreds of thousands of destitute and homeless poor in Calcutta, for which she came to be called the "saint of the gutters."
The Vatican beatified Mother Teresa in 2003 and the Roman Catholic Church has fast-tracked the process of declaring her a saint
This is my village.see ,how beatiful, it is. Living in this concrete forest missing my village, its greenary, fresh air beauty,everything.Iam sure all of you have the same feeling...so ...its for you...who is far from their palce. coming sooooooooooooooooon more photos.........
As a teacher I like to tell you something about Higher Education. In the present time it’s a very relevant topic because governments frequently changes rules on higher education according to the nations need, so as the importance higher education. For the development of a country education is a must in all its advanced levels, right?
Higher Education occupies a special position in the educational system of any nation because it is at the zenith of the entire educational structure and thus influences all the levels of education.
Higher Education refers to a level of education that is provided at academies, universities, colleges, seminaries, institutes of technology, and certain other collegiate level institutions such as vocational schools’, trade schools career colleges etc.
Higher Education is an educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education such as, high school, secondary school and higher secondary schools. Then comes the tertiary education. It includes undergraduate and post graduate education, as well as vocational education and training colleges, universities and institute of technology are the main institutions that provide territory education.
Higher Education includes teaching, research exacting applied works like medical schools, dental schools etc.
I know, all of you are familiar with all the above mention things, but I just remember you, that there are opportunities. And you know society’s expectation from higher education have not remained the same always, but have kept changing with its needs.
The Higher Education can be characterized through three dimensions:
1. Dimension of specialization
2. Dimension of formal, institutionalized system.
3. Dimension of research.
The present social, economic and industrial development has created a pressure towards greater specialization in the field of higher education.
As modern society grew more complex, more selective and efficient means of cultural transmission, it has given formal and institutional shape to higher education.
Growth of Higher Education
Higher Education in United States
According to UNESCO the U.S has the second largest number of higher education institutions in the world with total 5,758 an average more than 115 per state .The U.S also has the highest number of higher education students in the world around 14,261778 ie, 4.75% of the total population.
Higher Education in Canada
In Canada the constitutional responsibility for higher education rests with the provinces of Canada and the three territories have separate higher education system .according to the recent studies higher education level in Canada is tremendously increased from the past. We can see in British Colombia , for example the growth of higher education. The British Colombia Ministry of Advanced Education administers a higher education system that includes twenty five publicly funded institutions, fourteen private institutions and numerous career training institutions or career colleges .Public institution include eleven universities, eleven colleges and three institutions .Private institutions include three private universities, five private colleges ,and six theological colleges.
Higher Education in United Kingdoms
Education is mandatory from ages five to sixteen. The majority of children are educated in state-sector schools, only a small proportion of which, select on the grounds of academic ability. State schools which are allowed to select pupils according to intelligence and academic ability can achieve comparable results to the most selective private schools: out of the top ten performing schools in terms of GCSE results in 2006 two were state-run grammar schools. Despite a fall in actual numbers, the proportion of children in England attending private schools has risen to over 7% However over half of students at the leading universities of Cambridge and Oxford had attended state schools England has some of the top universities in the world; university of Cambridge, university of oxford Imperial college London and university college London are ranked in the global top 10 in the 2008, THE –QS world ranking.
Higher Education in Iran
In 2008, Iran had over 3.5 million students enrolled in universities some 1.7 million in various programs in Islamic Azad university and the remainder in State universities. In addition the new enrollment numbers for the academic year 2004 were 290 thousand in Azad universities, and 250 thousand in State universities. Iran currently has 54 state operated universities, and 42 state medical schools. These are primarily the top choice for students in national entrance exams, and have the largest and most prestigious programs. There are 289 major private universities operating as well.] In addition there is over 40,000 students engaged in Masters Programs and 20,000 students in PhD programs. In all these schools, except for private universities such as the Islamic Azad University system, tuition and room and board, is mostly paid for by the government. The universities themselves largely operate on state budgets. There are also institutes like Payame Noor University that offer degrees remotely or online.
Higher Education in Israel
The Council for Higher Education yesterday presented a plan designed to reform Israeli higher education. The plan calls for an additional NIS 7.5 billion in state spending on higher education over the next six years, of which NIS 1.35 billion will be added to the two-year state budget for 2011 and 2012.
The plan, which has been in the works for the past year, is designed to address the decline in the level of research and teaching at Israel's universities and their financial problems. It is also meant to deal with other problems, such as the "brain drain" of highly skilled researchers to universities overseas and accessibility to higher education for ultra-Orthodox Jews, Israeli Arabs and residents of outlying parts of the country.
Higher Education in U.A.E
Rapid rise in population has necessitated a considerable investment in education. Today, the UAE offers a comprehensive education to all male and female students from kindergarten to university, with education for the country’s citizens being provided free at all levels. There is also an extensive private education sector, while several thousand students, of both sexes, pursue courses of higher education abroad at Government expense. Educational opportunities in the UAE have blossomed since the establishment of the Federation when only a tiny minority of the urban population had access to formal education. Today, the UAE offers a comprehensive education to all male and female students from kindergarten to university, with education for the country’s citizens being provided free at all levels. There is also an extensive private education sector, while several thousand students, of both sexes, pursue courses of higher education abroad at Government expenses. Now that the infrastructure is in place, the educational focus is on devising and implementing a strategy that will ensure the youth of the country are ready to meet the challenges of the twenty first century work place.
A major practical shift in timetabling took place in 2006 following the Federal Government’s announcement that from 1 September 2006 the weekend schedule would be changed to make Friday and Saturday the official weekend for all public sector establishments as well as government schools and universities.
Higher Education in India
At present there are 306 university level institutions in India .it includes 18 central universities, 186 state universities ,5 institutions established under state legislature Act,89 deemed universities and 13 institutes of national importance .of these 38 institutes provide education in agriculture including forestry ,diary and fisheries and veterinary science ,21 in medicine ,44 in engineering and technology and form in information technology ,four in legal studies. The number of open universities is nine and that of women universities is five.
To achieve a profound transformation of higher education in order that it becomes an effective promoter of substantial human development and at the same time, improve the relevance with loser links with world of work and achieve quality in its teaching research and business and community extension function including lifelong learning.
